Ngaba ujonge ukongeza ukubamba ubuhle kwiikhabhathi zakho? Ungajongi ngaphezulu kweehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani. Ezi hinge zaziwa ngobuchule bazo obuphezulu kunye noyilo oluthambileyo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kuye nabani na ojonge ukuphakamisa inkangeleko yeekhabhathi zabo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukuba yintoni ebeka iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani kwaye kutheni ilukhetho olugqibeleleyo lokongeza ubucukubhede ekhayeni lakho.

Ukusebenza kweeHinge zeKhabhinethi yaseJamani

Xa kuziwa kwiihenjisi zekhabhathi, ubunjineli baseJamani baziwa ngokusebenza kunye nobuhle. Abavelisi beehinge zeKhabhinethi eJamani baziwa ngokuchaneka kunye noyilo lwabo oluyilayo, olubenza bahluke kukhuphiswano. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kweehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani kwaye yintoni eyenza ukuba zivelele kwishishini.

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zintle kangaka kukusebenza kwazo okukhethekileyo. Abavelisi baseJamani banebhongo elikhulu ekuveliseni iihenjisi ezinganqwenelekiyo kuphela kodwa zisebenza kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iihenjisi zabo ziyilelwe ukubonelela ngokusebenza ngokutyibilikayo nangokungenamthungo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingcango zekhabhathi ziyavuleka kwaye zivale ngokulula. Ukusebenza kweehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani kufezekiswa ngobunjineli obucokisekileyo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweenkcukacha, okukhokelela kwimveliso ethembekileyo nehlala ixesha elide.

Abavelisi beehinge zekhabhinethi yaseJamani nabo babeka phambili ukuqina kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwiimveliso zabo. Bayaqonda ukuba iihenjisi zekhabhinethi ziphantsi kokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana novavanyo lwexesha. Ngenxa yoko, iihenjisi zaseJamani zakhiwe kusetyenziswa izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nensimbi engenasici okanye i-zinc alloy, eyaziwa ngokuba namandla kunye nokuqina. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-hinges ziyakwazi ukunyamezela imihla ngemihla yokugqoka kunye nokukrazula okuvezwayo, okwenza kube yinto ethembekileyo kunye neyomelele kuyo nayiphi na ikhabhinethi.

Ukongeza ekomeleleni kwazo, iihenjisi zekhabhathi zaseJamani ziyilelwe ngokulula ukufakela engqondweni. Abavelisi baye baphuhlisa uyilo oluyilayo elwenza kube lula kubenzi bekhabhathi kunye nabafakeli ukuba bafake iihenjisi kwikhabhathi. Nokuba yihenjisi yokwaleka kwemveli okanye ihenjisi efihliweyo, abavelisi baseJamani balungelelanise uyilo lwabo ukuba lube lula kumsebenzisi kwaye kulula ukulufaka, ukonga ixesha kunye neenzame ngexesha lofakelo.

Ngaphaya koko, iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zikwayaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokuguquguquka. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zeehinge kunye noqwalaselo olukhoyo, abavelisi banako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zoyilo lwekhabhinethi kunye nezitayela ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba yikhabhinethi yobuso okanye ikhabhathi engenasiphako, iihenjisi zaseJamani zinokulungiswa ukuze zilingane ngokungenamthungo, zibonelela ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe nasiphi na isicelo sekhabhinethi.

Okokugqibela, ukusebenza kweehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani kunwenwela kwisakhono sazo sokubonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle nangokuthe cwaka. Abavelisi bafake izinto ezifana nethekhnoloji evaliweyo ethambileyo, ethintela iingcango zekhabhathi ukuba zivale, ukunciphisa ingxolo kunye nokuthintela umonakalo kwikhabhinethi. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha ekuboneleleni ngokuzolileyo kunye nokusebenza ngaphandle komgudu ubonisa ngakumbi ukusebenza okuphezulu kweehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani.

Ukuqukumbela, abavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani bafumana udumo lwabo lokuvelisa iihenjisi ezintle nezisebenza kakhulu ngokuzinikela kwabo kubunjineli obuchanekileyo, ukuqina, ukufakela ngokulula, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokusebenza okuthe cwaka. Ezi mpawu zenza i-hinges yekhabhinethi yaseJamani ibe yinto ephezulu yokukhetha abenzi bekhabhinethi abaqaphelayo kunye nabaninikhaya abaxabisa zombini i-aesthetics kunye nokusebenza kwikhabhinethi yabo.

I-Aesthetics yeeHinge zeKhabhinethi yaseJamani

Xa kuziwa kwi-hardware yekhabhinethi, iihenjisi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kodwa zihlala zingahoywa. Nangona kunjalo, iihinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani ziye zafumana udumo ngobuhle kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Yintoni eyabenza bahluke kwezinye iihenjisi emarikeni? Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga i-aesthetics yeehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani kwaye kutheni zijongwa kakhulu ngabavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi.

Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo kwiihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani luyilo lwazo oluthambileyo noluncinci. Ngokungafani neengqungquthela zendabuko ezinobuninzi kunye ne-obtrusive, i-hinges yaseJamani yenzelwe ukuba ibe yincinci kwaye ingabonakali, ivumela ubuhle bekhabhinethi ukuba buthathe indawo ephakathi. Le ngqalelo kwi-aesthetics luphawu loyilo lwaseJamani, kwaye luyabonakala kuzo zonke iinkalo zeehenjisi zabo.

Olunye uphawu oluphambili lobuhle beehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani bubunjineli babo obuchanekileyo. Abavelisi baseJamani baziwa ngokuzibophezela kwabo ngokuchanekileyo kunye nomgangatho, kwaye oku kubonakala ekwakhiweni kweehenjisi zabo. Yonke icandelo lenziwe ngononophelo ukuya kwimigangatho echanekileyo, okukhokelela kwihenjisi esebenza ngokutyibilikayo nangokuzolileyo. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha ayiphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kwehenjisi kodwa yongeza kwisibheno sayo sobuhle.

Ukongeza kuyilo lwabo oluthambileyo kunye nobunjineli obuchanekileyo, iihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani nazo zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zobuhle. Ukusuka kwizigqibo zemveli ezifana ne-chrome kunye ne-nickel ukuya kwiinketho zangoku ngakumbi njenge-matte emnyama kunye ne-brush brass, iihenjisi zaseJamani ziyafumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zesitayile ukuze zilungele nakuphi na ukuyilwa kobuhle. Oku kuguquguquka kuvumela abavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi ukuba banike abathengi babo uluhlu olubanzi lweenketho zokuxhasa ikhabhinethi yabo.

I-aesthetics yeehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani zongezwa ngakumbi ngokuhlala kwazo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Abavelisi baseJamani bayaziwa ngokuzibophezela kwabo kumgangatho, kwaye oku kubonakala kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nokwakhiwa kweehenjisi zabo. Izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nensimbi engenasici kunye nobhedu zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iihinge ziya kumelana novavanyo lwexesha, zigcine ubuhle kunye nokusebenza kwazo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ekugqibeleni, i-aesthetics yeehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani zincediswa ngokulula kofakelo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Abavelisi baseJamani baye baqulunqa iihenjisi zabo ukuba zisebenziseke lula, zineempawu ezifana nokuxinana okuhlengahlengiswayo kunye nohlengahlengiso olulula lokulungela okugqibeleleyo. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha ayiphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kwehenjisi kodwa yongeza kwisibheno sayo sobuhle.

Ukuqukumbela, i-aesthetics yeehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani zibubungqina bokuzinikela kumgangatho kunye nobunjineli obuchanekileyo babavelisi baseJamani. Uyilo lwabo olucekeceke, ubunjineli obuchanekileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lokhetho lobuhle, ukuqina, kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa konke kunegalelo kubuhle kunye nobuhle bezi henjisi. Akumangalisi ukuba bajongwa kakhulu ngabavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi kwaye bafunwa ngabo baxabisa ubugcisa obuhle kwikhabhathi yabo.

Umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiiHinge zeKhabhinethi zaseJamani

Iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zaziwa ngoyilo lwazo oluhle kunye nezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo kubanini bezindlu kunye nabayili ngokufanayo. Umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani ziyinto ephambili kwisibheno sabo, kwaye abavelisi bezi ngqangi banyamekela kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekuqulunqeni iimveliso zabo.

Xa kuziwa kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kwiihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani, ukuchaneka kunye nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu. Abavelisi beehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani baqwalasela ngokucokisekileyo ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo, baqinisekise ukuba kuphela izinto ezisemgangathweni eziphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweehenjisi zabo. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha iphumela kwiihenjisi ezingentle kwaye zintle kuphela, kodwa zakhiwe ukuze zihlale.

Enye yezinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwiihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani yintsimbi ephezulu yentsimbi. Le nto ehlala ihleli kunye neyomeleleyo ikhethwa ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa ekhitshini nakwiindawo zokuhlambela apho umswakama kunye nomswakama uqhelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kwiihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani ziqinisekisa ukuba ziya kuqhubeka zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zibukeka zihle kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ukongeza kwinsimbi engenasici, abavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani basebenzisa ezinye izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nobhedu kunye ne-aluminiyam. Ezi zixhobo zikhethwa ngenxa yamandla kunye nokuzinza kwazo, ziqinisekisa ukuba iihinge ziya kukwazi ukuxhasa ubunzima beengcango zekhabhinethi ngaphandle kokugubha okanye ukukhululeka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo zeprayimari, abavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani bayakwazi ukwenza iihenjisi ezingasebenziyo kuphela, kodwa zinenkangeleko etofotofo nenhle.

Ingqwalasela kwiinkcukacha ezibekwa ngabavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani ekukhetheni nasekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Imiphezulu egudileyo, epholisiweyo yale hinges ibonisa izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezisetyenzisiweyo ekwakhiweni kwazo, kwaye ubunjineli obuchanekileyo buqinisekisa ukuba baya kusebenza ngokushukuma okugudileyo kunye nomzamo. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha yinto ebeka iihenjisi zekhabhinethi yaseJamani zahluke kwezinye kwimarike, kwaye yiyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olufunwayo kwabo baxabisa zombini isitayile kunye nomgangatho kwimpahla yabo yasekhaya.

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iihenjisi zekhabhinethi, abanini bezindlu kunye nabaqulunqi banokuthembela kumgangatho kunye nobugcisa babavelisi beehinge zekhabhinethi yaseJamani. Ngokusebenzisa kuphela ezona mathiriyeli zigqwesileyo kunye nokuqesha ngononophelo ngononophelo kwiinkcukacha ekwakhiweni kweehenjisi zabo, aba bavelisi babeke umgangatho womgangatho wekhabhinethi ekumgangatho ophezulu. Nokuba yeyokulungiswa kwekhitshi langoku okanye uyilo lwakudala lokuhlambela, iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani ziqinisekile ukuba zongeza ubumnandi obutofotofo kunye nobugocigoci kuyo nayiphi na indawo.

Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo beeHinges zeKhabhinethi yaseJamani

Xa kufikwa kwizixhobo zekhabhathi, iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zaziwa ngobunjineli bazo obuchanekileyo kunye noyilo oluhle. Ukuqwalaselwa okucokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibenza bagqame kukhuphiswano. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukuba yintoni eyenza iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zibe ntle kangaka, kwaye kutheni zilukhetho oluphezulu kubathengi abaninzi kunye nabavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi.

Enye yezinto eziphambili ezibeka iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani ngokwahlukileyo bubunjineli obuchanekileyo emva koyilo lwabo. Abavelisi baseJamani baziwa ngokuzibophezela kwabo ekugqweseni, kwaye oku kubonakala kubugcisa beehinji zabo zekhabhinethi. Yonke inkalo yehenjisi, ukusuka kumatshini ukuya ekugqibeleni, yenziwe ngobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina. Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo bukwakhokelela kwinkangeleko engenamthungo kunye nentsonkothileyo eyongeza ukubamba ubuhle kuyo nayiphi na ikhabhinethi.

Ukongeza kubunjineli bazo obuchanekileyo, iihenjisi zekhabhathi zaseJamani zenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-premium ezifana nensimbi engenasici kunye ne-nickel iqinisekisa ukuba i-hinges ayibonakali nje kuphela, kodwa yakhiwe ukuze ihlale. Izinto eziphathekayo zikhethwe ngononophelo ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kunye nokuchasana nokugqoka kunye nokukrazula, okwenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo kuzo zombini izicelo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo.

Enye into enegalelo kubuhle beehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani kukujongwa kweenkcukacha kuyilo lwazo. Ukusuka kwimigca enqabileyo ukuya kwisiphelo esingenamthungo, yonke inkalo yehinge icingelwa ngokucokisekileyo ukwenza inkangeleko epholisiweyo necocisiweyo. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha yinto eyenza ukuba ikhabhinethi yaseJamani ixhomekeke kukhetho oludumileyo lwabayili bangaphakathi kunye nabaninimzi abafuna ukuphakamisa inkangeleko yeekhabhathi zabo.

Iihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani nazo ziyaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwazo. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lweendlela kunye nokucwangciswa okukhoyo, zinokuthi zilungelelaniswe ukuze zihambelane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lwekhabhinethi kunye nobuhle. Nokuba yeyanamhlanje, ikhitshi encinci okanye yemveli, uyilo lwakudala, kukho ihenjisi yekhabhathi yaseJamani eya kuthi incedisane nenkangeleko kunye nokuziva kwendawo. Oku kuguquguquka kubenza babe lolona khetho luphezulu kubavelisi beehinge zekhabhinethi abafuna ukubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kubathengi babo.

Ukuqukumbela, ubunjineli obuchanekileyo, izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto ezenza iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zibe ntle kangaka. Ukuzibophelela kwabo ekugqweseni nasekuyilweni okungaphelelwa lixesha kubenze baba lolona khetho luphezulu kubathengi abaninzi kunye nabavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi. Ukuba ukwimarike yeehenjisi zekhabhathi ezibonisa ubugocigoci kunye nomgangatho, ungajongi ngaphaya kweehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani. Ngobugcisa babo obuphezulu kunye ne-aesthetics ecocekileyo, bayindlela eqinisekileyo yokunyusa ukubonakala kwayo nayiphi na ikhabhinethi.

Ukunyamekelwa koBume beKhabhinethi yaseJamani

Xa kufikwa kwi-hardware yekhabhathi, akukho nto iphikayo ubuhle obungapheliyo beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani. Ezi zinto zincinci kodwa zibalulekile zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nobuhle bekhabhathi, kwaye abavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani kudala bebonwa ngomgangatho wabo okhethekileyo kunye nobugcisa.

Iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zaziwa ngobunjineli bazo obuchanekileyo kunye nokuqina. Ezi hinge ziyilelwe ukubonelela ngokusebenza okugudileyo kunye nokungenamsebenzi, ukuvumela ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kweengcango zekhabhathi. Ukwakhiwa kwabo okuqinileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba banokumelana nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nemithwalo enzima ebekwe ngokuqhelekileyo ekhitshini nakwiikhabhinethi zokuhlambela.

Enye yezinto eziphambili ezibeka iihenjisi kwikhabhathi yaseJamani kukuthathela ingqalelo okucokisekileyo kwiinkcukacha ezingena kwinkqubo yabo yokuvelisa. Abavelisi beehinge kwikhabhinethi yaseJamani baziwa ngokuzibophelela ekugqweseni, besebenzisa kuphela ezona zinto zisemgangathweni ophezulu kwaye baqeshe ubuchwephesha bemveliso ephucukileyo ukwenza iihenjisi ezingasebenziyo kuphela kodwa zikwathandeka ngobuhle.

Iihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani zifumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela kunye nokugqiba, okuvumela ukudityaniswa okungenamthungo kuyo nayiphi na idizayini yekhabhinethi. Nokuba sisitayile semveli, sanamhlanje, okanye sesangoku, iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zinokuncedisana nenkangeleko yonke kunye nokuziva kwendawo. Ukusuka kuyilo oluthambileyo kunye noluncinci ukuya kwiinketho zokuhombisa kunye nokuhombisa, kukho ihenjisi yekhabhathi yaseJamani ukuze ilungele yonke incasa kunye nokukhethwa.

Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yabo ekhethekileyo kunye noyilo lwesitayile, iihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani nazo zibonelela ngenqanaba lokuthembeka kunye nobomi obude obungenakuthelekiswa nezinye iinketho kwimarike. Iingcango zeKhabhinethi ezixhotyiswe ngeehenjisi zaseJamani zaziwa ngokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo iminyaka emininzi, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yohlengahlengiso rhoqo okanye ukutshintshwa. Obu bude bobomi bububungqina bobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nobunjineli obungena kwimveliso yeehinge zekhabhinethi zaseJamani.

Ngaphaya koko, abavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani bazibophelele kuzinzo kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Uninzi lwaba bavelisi babeka phambili iindlela zemveliso eco-friendly kwaye basebenzise imathiriyeli enokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Oku kuzibophelela ekuzinzeni akuncedi nje kuphela okusingqongileyo kodwa kuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi banokuziva belungile malunga neemveliso abazikhethela amakhaya abo.

Lilonke, ubuhle obuhlala buhleli beehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani bunokubalelwa kukudityaniswa komgangatho ophakamileyo, ubunjineli obuchanekileyo, kunye noyilo olungaphelelwa lixesha. Ezi hinge zibubungqina bokugqwesa ukuba abavelisi beehinge zekhabhathi yaseJamani bahlala bezisa, kwaye nodumo lwabo lokuvelisa ezinye zezixhobo zekhabhathi ezigqwesileyo kwihlabathi lufanelekile.

Ukuqukumbela, xa kufikwa ekukhetheni iihenjisi zekhabhathi kwiprojekthi yakho elandelayo, kucacile ukuba iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani ziphuma phambili njengokhetho oluphezulu. Umgangatho wabo obalaseleyo, ukuqina, kunye nobuhle obungaphelelwa lixesha bubenza babe lukhetho oludumileyo kubanini bezindlu, abaqulunqi, kunye neekontraka ngokufanayo. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lwesitayile kunye nokugqiba ukukhetha kuzo, kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni iihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani zilukhetho olukhethwayo kwabo baxabisa zombini isitayile kunye nezinto kwikhabhathi yabo.

Ukugqitywa

Ukuqukumbela, iihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zaziwa ngobuhle kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Ubunjineli babo bokuchaneka, izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweenkcukacha kubenza babe lukhetho oludumileyo kubayili bangaphakathi kunye nabaninimzi ngokufanayo. Uyilo oluthambileyo kunye nolunesitayile lweehenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani zinokuphakamisa ngaphandle kokuzama ukuphakamisa i-aesthetics iyonke yayo nayiphi na ikhabhinethi, ibenze into ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yangoku kunye neyinkimbinkimbi. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lweempawu ezintsha kunye nokugxila ekomeleleni, akumangalisi ukuba iihenjisi zekhabhinethi zaseJamani ziqhubeka zilukhetho lokukhetha kwabo bafuna zombini ubuhle kunye nokusebenza kwikhaya labo. Nokuba ulungisa ikhitshi lakho, igumbi lokuhlambela, okanye nayiphi na enye indawo yokuhlala, ukutyala imali kwiihenjisi zekhabhathi yaseJamani lutyalo-mali kubuhle obungaphelelwayo kunye nobugcisa obuphezulu.