Kutsika kwa Ndalama Zakunja Kuwononga Chuma cha Latin America

Kuyambira chaka chino, chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo monga kukwera kwa chiwongola dzanja motsatizana ndi Federal Reserve, vuto la Ukraine komanso mitengo yamtengo wapatali yapadziko lonse lapansi, mitengo yosinthira ndalama zamayiko aku Latin America yatsika, ndalama zogulira kunja zakwera ndipo kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu kuchokera kunja kwafika poipa kwambiri. Kuti izi zitheke, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico ndi mayiko ena posachedwapa atenga njira zotsatila kuti akweze chiwongoladzanja poyankha.

Owona akuwonetsa kuti njira zokweza chiwongola dzanja zamabanki apakati aku Latin America zakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pakuchepetsa kukwera kwa mitengo. Chaka chino komanso m'zaka zikubwerazi, Latin America idzakumana ndi zovuta monga kuwonjezeka kwa inflation ndi kuchepa kwa ndalama, kapena kubwereranso kumagulu otsika.

Deta ya National Institute of Statistics and Census ku Argentina ikuwonetsa kuti kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu ku Argentina kudafika 7.4% mu Julayi, kuchuluka kwambiri kuyambira Epulo 2002. Kuyambira Januware chaka chino, kukwera kwa inflation ku Argentina kwafika pa 46.2%.

Zambiri zochokera ku National Institute of Statistics and Geography ku Mexico zawonetsa kuti mitengo ya inflation ya Mexico yafika 8.15% mu Julayi, yokwera kwambiri kuyambira 2000. Ziwerengero zaposachedwa za kukwera kwa mitengo zomwe mayiko aku Latin America apeza monga Chile, Colombia, Brazil ndi Peru nawonso alibe chiyembekezo.

Bungwe la United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) lidatulutsa lipoti kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kuti kuchuluka kwa inflation m'dera la LAC kudafika 8.4% mu June chaka chino, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa inflation m'derali kuchokera. 2005 mpaka 2019. Pali nkhawa kuti Latin America ingakhale ikukumana ndi kukwera kwamitengo koipitsitsa kuyambira "zaka khumi zomwe zidatayika" za m'ma 1980.

Kukwera kwachiwongoladzanja kwa Fed sikuli kopanda chifukwa chodera nkhawa chuma cha Latin America. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, kudalirana kwachuma padziko lonse kunakula kwambiri, misika yamayiko akuluakulu inadzaza ndi "mafuta a petrodollar" komanso ngongole zakunja za mayiko a ku Latin America. Pamene dziko la US linayamba kuchulukitsa chiwongoladzanja pofuna kuthana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo, chiwongoladzanja chinakwera, zomwe zinapangitsa maiko aku Latin America kulowa m'mavuto angongole omwe sakanakwanitsa. Zaka za m'ma 1980 zidadziwika kuti Latin America "zaka khumi zotayika".

Pofuna kuthana ndi devaluation wa ndalama m'deralo, kuchepetsa likulu outflows ndi kuchepetsa ngozi ngongole, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico ndi mayiko ena posachedwapa anatsatira kapena ngakhale patsogolo Federal Reserve kukweza chiwongola dzanja, amene chiwerengero chachikulu cha kusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja, mtundu waukulu kwambiri ndi Brazil. Kuyambira Marichi chaka chatha, banki yayikulu ku Brazil yakweza chiwongola dzanja ka 12 motsatizana, ndikuwonjezera chiwongola dzanja mpaka 13.75%.

Pa Ogasiti 11, banki yayikulu yaku Argentina idakweza chiwongola dzanja chake ndi 9.5% kufika pa 69.5%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti boma la Argentina likulimbana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo. Tsiku lomwelo, banki yayikulu yaku Mexico idakweza chiwongola dzanja ndi 0.75% kufika pa 8.5%.

Akatswiri azachuma anena kuti kukwera kwa mitengo komwe kulipo pano makamaka ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yochokera kumayiko ena ndipo kukweza chiwongola dzanja sikungadze gwero la vutolo. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwongoladzanja kumawonjezeranso mtengo wandalama ndikulepheretsa kusinthika kwachuma.

Carlos Aquino, mkulu wa Center for Asia Studies ku National University of San Marcos ku Peru, adanena kuti kukwera kwa chiwongoladzanja kwa Fed kwapangitsa kuti chuma cha Peru chikhale choipitsitsa. Ndondomeko yazachuma ya United States mwachizolowezi idakhazikika pazokonda zake zachuma, "kutumiza" mikangano kudzera muzachuma komanso kupanga mayiko ena kulipira mtengo wolemera.

Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, ECLAC adakweza chiwopsezo chake chakukula kwachuma mpaka 2.7%, kuchokera ku 2.1% ndi 1.8% mu Januwale ndi Epulo chaka chino, koma pansi pakukula kwachuma kwa 6.5% chaka chatha. Mlembi wamkulu wa ECLAC, Mario Simoli, adati chigawochi chikuyenera kugwirizanitsa bwino ndondomeko za chuma chachikulu kuti zithandizire kukula kwachuma, kuonjezera ndalama, kuchepetsa umphawi ndi kusamvana, komanso kuthetsa kukwera kwa mitengo.