Kusukela kulo nyaka, ngaphansi kwethonya lezici eziningi ezifana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lenzalo okulandelanayo yi-Federal Reserve, inkinga yase-Ukraine nezintengo zempahla yamazwe ngamazwe ezisele ziphezulu, amazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali yasendaweni eminotho emikhulu yaseLatin America ehlile, izindleko zokungenisa zinyukile futhi ukwehla kwamandla emali kwamanye amazwe sekuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, iBrazil, i-Argentina, iChile, iMexico namanye amazwe muva nje athathe izinyathelo zokulandelela ukuze akhuphule amanani enzalo.
Izingqapheli ziveza ukuthi izinhlelo zamabhange amakhulu ase-Latin America zokunyusa izinga lenzalo zibe nomthelela olinganiselwe ekwehliseni ukwehla kwamandla emali. Kulo nyaka kanye neminyaka ezayo, i-Latin America izobhekana nezinselele ezifana nokwenyuka kwengcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwehla kokutshalwa kwezimali, noma ukubuyela emazingeni aphansi okukhula.
Idatha ye-National Institute of Statistics and Census yase-Argentina ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali e-Argentina lifinyelele ku-7.4% ngoJulayi, eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-April 2002. Kusukela ngoJanuwari walo nyaka, izinga lokukhuphuka kwamanani emali eliqongelelwe e-Argentina lifinyelele ku-46.2%.
Idatha evela ku-National Institute of Statistics and Geography yaseMexico ibonise ukuthi izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali eMexico minyaka yonke lifinyelele ku-8.15% ngoJulayi, okuyisibalo esiphezulu kakhulu kusukela ngo-2000. Izibalo zakamuva zokwehla kwamandla emali ezikhishwe umnotho waseLatin America njengeChile, Colombia, Brazil kanye nePeru nazo azinalo ithemba.
I-United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) ikhiphe umbiko ekupheleni kuka-August ithi izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali esifundeni se-LAC lifinyelele ku-8.4% ngoJuni walo nyaka, licishe liphindeke kabili izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali esifundeni kusukela 2005 kuya ku-2019. Kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi i-Latin America ingase ibhekane nokwehla kwamandla emali okubi kakhulu kusukela “eshumini leminyaka elalahleka” ngawo-1980.
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo okunamandla kwe-Fed akunasizathu sokukhathazeka ngeminotho yase-Latin America. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1980, ukuhwebelana kwezezimali emhlabeni wonke kwashesha, izimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke zagcwala "ama-petrodollar" kanye nezikweletu zangaphandle zamazwe aseLatin America. Njengoba i-US iqala umjikelezo wokwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo ukuze kuliwe nokwehla kwamandla emali, izinga lenzalo lenyuka, okwenza amazwe aseLatin America awele enkingeni yezikweletu ayengakwazi ukuyikhokhela. Iminyaka yawo-1980 yaziwa ngokuthi "ishumi leminyaka elilahlekile" laseLatin America.
Ukuze ubhekane nokwehla kwamandla emali yendawo, kuncishiswe ukuphuma kwezimali ezinkulu futhi kuncishiswe ubungozi bezikweletu, iBrazil, i-Argentina, iChile, iMexico namanye amazwe asanda kulandela noma andulela i-Federal Reserve ukukhulisa inzalo, okuyisibalo esikhulu sazo. ukulungiswa kwezinga lenzalo, ububanzi obukhulu yi-Brazil. Kusukela ngoMashi wonyaka odlule, ibhange elikhulu laseBrazil linyuse inzalo izikhathi ezingu-12 zilandelana, kancane kancane lenyusa izinga lenzalo elilinganiselwe laya ku-13.75%.
Ngomhla ziyi-11 ku-Agasti, ibhange eliphakathi lase-Argentina lenyuse izinga lenzalo elilinganiselwe ngamaphesenti angu-9.5 laya ku-69.5%, okuphawula isimo esiqinile sokwehla kwamandla emali nguhulumeni wase-Argentina. Ngalo lolo suku, ibhange eliphakathi laseMexico lenyuse izinga lenzalo yalo ngamaphesenti angu-0.75 laya kumaphesenti angu-8.5.
Ongoti bezomnotho baveza ukuthi isimo esikhona njengamanje sokwehla kwamandla emali ikakhulukazi yi-inflation evela kwamanye amazwe futhi ukunyusa inzalo ngeke kufinyelele kumnyombo wenkinga. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo nakho kukhuphula izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali futhi kuvimbele ukuguquguquka komnotho.
UCarlos Aquino, umqondisi weSikhungo Sezifundo Zase-Asia eNyuvesi Kazwelonke yaseSan Marcos ePeru, uthe ukuqhubeka kwe-Fed ukunyuka kwezinga lenzalo kwenze isimo sezomnotho sasePeru saba “sibi nakakhulu”. Inqubomgomo yezezimali yase-United States ngokwesiko ibisekelwe ezithakazelweni zayo zezomnotho kuphela, "ukudlulisa" izingxabano ngokusebenzisa amandla ezezimali nokwenza amanye amazwe akhokhe inani elinzima.
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, i-ECLAC inyuse isibikezelo sayo sokukhula komnotho wesifunda safinyelela ku-2.7%, sisuka ku-2.1% kanye ne-1.8% yesimo sezulu ngoJanuwari no-April kulo nyaka, kodwa sibe ngaphansi kakhulu kwezinga lokukhula komnotho wesifunda ngo-6.5% ngonyaka odlule. UNobhala wesikhashana we-ECAC, uMario Simoli, uthe lesi sifunda sidinga ukuxhumanisa kangcono imigomo yezomnotho omkhulu ukuze kweseke ukukhula komnotho, kwandiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukwehlisa ububha nokungalingani, kanye nokulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali.
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