Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kumazwe angaphandle kuGqeba uQoqosho lwaseLatin America

Ukusukela kulo nyaka, phantsi kweempembelelo zezinto ezininzi ezinje ngokulandelelana kwenqanaba lenzala elinobundlongondlongo lokunyuswa kwe-Federal Reserve, intlekele yaseUkraine kunye namaxabiso ezinto ezithengiswa kumazwe ngamazwe asele ephezulu, amaxabiso otshintshiselwano ngemali yasekhaya kuqoqosho olukhulu lwaseLatin America awile, iindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe zonyukile kwaye. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso avela kumazwe angaphandle kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iBrazil, iArgentina, iChile, iMexico kunye namanye amazwe asanda kuthatha amanyathelo okulandelela ukunyusa inzala ekuphenduleni.

Abakhi-mkhanyo bachaza ukuba amalinge eebhanki ezinkulu zaseLatin America zokunyuswa kwenzala abe nefuthe elilinganiselweyo ekwehliseni isantya sokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kulo nyaka nakwiminyaka ezayo, iLatin America iya kujongana nemingeni efana nokunyuka koxinzelelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuncipha kotyalo-mali, okanye ukubuyela kumanqanaba asezantsi okukhula.

I-Argentina National Institute of Statistics kunye nedatha yoBalo ibonisa ukuba izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-Argentina lifikelele kwi-7.4% ngoJulayi, elona liphezulu ukususela ngo-Aprili 2002. Ukusukela kweyoMqungu kulo nyaka, izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-Argentina lifikelele kwi-46.2%.

Idatha evela kwiZiko leSizwe leNkcazo kunye neJografi yaseMexico ibonise ukuba izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso eMexico ngonyaka lifikelele kwi-8.15% ngoJulayi, elona liphezulu ukususela ngo-2000. Amanani akutsha nje okunyuka kwamaxabiso akhutshwe luqoqosho lwaseLatin America olufana neChile, iKholombiya, iBrazil nePeru nawo akanalo ithemba.

IKomishoni yezoQoqosho yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeLatin America kunye neCaribbean (ECLAC) ikhuphe ingxelo ekupheleni kuka-Agasti ichaza ukuba umyinge wokunyuka kwamaxabiso kummandla we-LAC ufikelele kwi-8.4% ngoJuni walo nyaka, phantse kabini umyinge wokunyuka kwamaxabiso kummandla ukusuka 2005 ukuya 2019. Kukho iinkxalabo zokuba iLatin America inokuba nelona xabiso libi lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ukusukela “kwishumi leminyaka elalahlekayo” ngeminyaka yoo-1980.

Ukunyuswa kwenzala ye-Fed akusiyo isiseko senkxalabo kuqoqosho lwaseLatin America. Ngasekupheleni koo-1970 nasekuqaleni koo-1980, ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kwezemali kwakhula ngokukhawuleza, iimarike ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zazizaliswe “yipetrodollar” kunye namatyala angaphandle amazwe aseLatin America aye abhaloni. Njengoko i-US yaqala umjikelo wokunyuswa kwenzala ukulwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, izinga lenzala liyenyuka, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba amazwe ase-Latin America awele kubunzima bamatyala awayengakwazi ukuwahlawula. Iminyaka yoo-1980 yaziwa ngokuba yiLatin America "iminyaka elishumi elahlekileyo".

Ukuze uhlangabezane nokuhla kwexabiso lemali yengingqi, ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwemali eyinkunzi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wamatyala, iBrazil, iArgentina, iChile, iMexico kunye namanye amazwe kutshanje alandele okanye andulele i-Federal Reserve ukunyusa amaxabiso enzala, apho inani elikhulu leemali zelizwe. uhlengahlengiso lwenzala, olona luhlu lukhulu yiBrazil. Ukusukela ngoMatshi kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ibhanki ephakathi yaseBrazil inyuse inzala ngamaxesha ali-12 ngokulandelelana, ngokuthe ngcembe yanyusa inzala yebenchmark ukuya kwi-13.75%.

Ngomhla we-11 ku-Agasti, ibhanki ephakathi yase-Argentina inyuse izinga lenzala ye-benchmark ngepesenti ze-9.5 ukuya kwi-69.5%, ebonisa isimo esinzima sokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngurhulumente wase-Argentina. Kwangolo suku lunye, ibhanki ephakathi yaseMexico inyuse inzala yayo nge-0.75 yeepesenti ukuya kwi-8.5 ekhulwini.

Iingcali zezoqoqosho zichaza ukuba umjikelo okhoyo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso ubukhulu becala kukunyuka kwamaxabiso avela kumazwe angaphandle kwaye ukonyusa inzala akusayi kufikelela kwingcambu yengxaki. Ukonyuka kwezinga lenzala kukwanyusa iindleko zotyalo-mali kwaye kuthintele amandla oqoqosho.

UCarlos Aquino, umlawuli weZiko leZifundo zaseAsia kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseSan Marcos ePeru, wathi iFed iqhubekile nokunyuswa kwenzala yenza imeko yezoqoqosho yasePeru ibe “mbi ngakumbi”. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezezimali waseUnited States ngokwesiko usekelwe kuphela kwizinto ezinomdla kuzo kwezoqoqosho, "ukudlulisa" iingxabano nge-hegemony yemali kunye nokwenza amanye amazwe ahlawule ixabiso elinzima.

Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, i-ECLAC inyuse uqikelelo lwayo lokukhula koqoqosho lwengingqi ukuya kwi-2.7%, ukusuka kwi-2.1% kunye ne-1.8% yengqikelelo yeJanuwari nango-Epreli walo nyaka, kodwa ngaphantsi kakhulu kwe-6.5% yezinga lokukhula koqoqosho kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Unobhala wethutyana we-EClac, uMario Simoli, uthe lo mmandla kufuneka ulungelelanise kakuhle imigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho olukhulu ukuxhasa ukukhula koqoqosho, ukwandisa utyalo-mali, ukunciphisa intlupheko nokungalingani, nokulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.