Kutengeswa Kwemari Kunobva kunze Kunotambudza Latin America Economies

Kubva gore rino, pasi pekupesvedzerwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge zvakatevedzana zvine hukasha mubereko wakakwira neFederal Reserve, dambudziko reUkraine nemitengo yezvinhu zvepasi rose zvaramba zvakakwira, mitengo yekuchinjana kwemari yemuno yehupfumi hukuru hweLatin America yadonha, mitengo yekunze yakwira uye inflation kubva kunze kwenyika yawedzera kuipa. Kuti izvi zviitike, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico nedzimwe nyika munguva pfupi yapfuura dzakatora matanho ekutevera kukwidza mhindu mukupindura.

Vanoona vanoti hurongwa hwekukwidzwa kwemari yemumba dzemabhanga makuru ekuLatin America hwakave nemhedzisiro yekurerutsa inflation. Gore rino uye mumakore anotevera, Latin America ichasangana nematambudziko akadai sekuwedzera inflation uye kuderera kwekudyara, kana kudzoka kune yakaderera mazinga.

Data yeNational Institute of Statistics neCensus yeArgentina inoratidza kuti inflation yeArgentina yakasvika 7.4% muna Chikunguru, yakakwira zvikuru kubva Kubvumbi 2002. Kubva muna Ndira gore rino, chiyero chekukwira kwemitengo yeArgentina chasvika pa46.2%.

Data kubva kuMexico's National Institute of Statistics uye Geography yakaratidza kuti inflation yeMexico yegore negore yakasvika 8.15% muna Chikunguru, yepamusoro-soro kubvira 2000. Huwandu hwekukwira kwemitengo huchangobva kuitika hwakaburitswa nehupfumi hweLatin America hwakaita seChile, Colombia, Brazil nePeru zvakare hauna tariro.

United Nations Economic Commission yeLatin America neCaribbean (ECLAC) yakaburitsa gwaro mukupera kwaNyamavhuvhu ichiti avhareji yekukwira kwemitengo mudunhu reLAC yakasvika pa8.4% muna Chikumi gore rino, inodokupeta kaviri paavhareji inflation yedunhu kubva. 2005 kusvika 2019. Pane kutyira kuti Latin America inogona kunge iine inflation yakaipisisa kubvira "makore gumi akarasika" ema1980.

Kukwidzwa kwemhindu kweFed hakusi pasina chikonzero chekunetseka nezvehupfumi hweLatin America. Mukupera kwema1970 uye kutanga kwema1980, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kwakawedzera, misika yemari yepasi rose yakazadzwa ne "petrodollars" uye chikwereti chekunze kwenyika dzeLatin America. Sezvo US yakatanga kutenderera kwekukwira kwemhindu kurwisa inflation, mhindu yakakwira, zvichikonzera kuti nyika dzeLatin America dziwire mudambudziko rechikwereti ravaisakwanisa kuwana. Ma1980 akazozivikanwa seLatin America "makore gumi akarasika".

Kuti utsungirire devaluation yemari yemuno, kuderedza kubuda kwemari uye kuderedza njodzi dzezvikwereti, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico nedzimwe nyika ichangobva kutevera kana kutotangira Federal Reserve kukwidza mitengo yemitengo, iyo iyo nhamba huru ye gadziriso yemubereko, iyo yakakura siyana iBrazil. Kubva munaKurume gore rapfuura, bhanga repakati reBrazil rakakwidza mubereko kanokwana kagumi nembiri, zvichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mubenchmark kusvika 13.75%.

Musi wa11 Nyamavhuvhu, bhanga repakati reArgentina rakasimudza chiyero chayo chemubereko ne9.5 percent kusvika 69.5%, zvichiratidza kuomarara kwekukwira kwemitengo nehurumende yeArgentina. Nezuva rimwe chetero, bhanga repakati reMexico rakasimudza chiyero chemubereko ne0.75 muzana kusvika 8.5 muzana.

Nyanzvi munyaya dzezvehupfumi dzinoti nyaya yekukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu iri kunyanya kukonzerwa nekukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika uye kukwidza mari dzechimbadzo hakuzosvika pamudzi wedambudziko. Kuwedzera kwemari yemubereko kunowedzerawo mutengo wekudyara uye kurambidza kusimba kwehupfumi.

Carlos Aquino, mutungamiriri weCentre for Asian Studies paNational University yeSan Marcos muPeru, akati kuenderera mberi kweFed kukwidza mubereko kwakaita kuti mamiriro ehupfumi ePeru "atonyanya kuipa". Gwaro rezvemari reUnited States ragara richingobva pazvido zvaro zvehupfumi, "kuendesa" kukakavara kuburikidza nehupfumi hwemari uye kuita kuti dzimwe nyika dzibhadhare mutengo unorema.

Pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, ECLAC yakasimudza fungidziro yekukura kwehupfumi kusvika 2.7%, kubva pa2.1% uye 1.8% yakaitika muna Ndira naApril gore rino, asi pazasi penharaunda ye6.5% yekukura kwehupfumi gore rapfuura. Munyori mukuru weECAC, VaMario Simoli, vanoti dunhu rinofanirwa kurongeka zviri nani mitemo yezvehupfumi hwenyika kuitira kuti hupfumi hwenyika husimukire, kukwidziridzwa kwemari, kudzikisa hurombo nekusaenzana, uye kudzora kukwira kwemitengo.